Auxiliary Verb: Definisi, Jenis dan Contoh Kalimat

Auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu) adalah kata kerja yang digunakan bersama dengan kata kerja utama (main verb) untuk membentuk berbagai jenis kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja bantu ini membantu dalam mengungkapkan waktu, aspek, modus, kesempurnaan, dan hal-hal lainnya dalam kalimat. Beberapa contoh auxiliary verb yang umum digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris meliputi “be,” “have,” dan “do”.

Jenis auxiliary verb

Dalam bahasa Inggris, terdapat tiga jenis kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verbs) utama yang digunakan untuk membentuk berbagai tenses, aspek, dan kondisi. Ketiga jenis kata kerja bantu ini adalah:

1. Kata Kerja Bantu “Be”

• “Be” (am, is, are, was, were, been, being) digunakan untuk membentuk continuous tenses (tenses berkelanjutan) dan passive voice (kalimat pasif).
• Contoh: I am reading (Present Continuous), The book was written (Past Passive).

2. Kata Kerja Bantu “Have”

• “Have” (have, has, had) digunakan untuk membentuk perfect tenses (tenses sempurna) dan perfect continuous tenses (tenses sempurna berkelanjutan).
• Contoh: She has eaten (Present Perfect), They had been waiting (Past Perfect Continuous).

3. Kata Kerja Bantu “Do”

• “Do” (do, does, did) digunakan dalam kalimat tanya dan kalimat negatif dalam tenses sederhana (simple tenses) seperti present simple dan past simple.
• Contoh: Do you like ice cream? (Kalimat tanya), He doesn’t know the answer. (Kalimat negatif)

Selain tiga jenis utama ini, ada juga modal auxiliary verb yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kemungkinan, keharusan, kemampuan, dan keinginan. Beberapa contoh modal, yaitu “can,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “shall,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “must,” dan “ought to.” Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu modal:

• She “can” swim. (Dia “bisa” berenang.)
• You “must” finish your homework. (Kamu “harus” menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu.)
• He “should” call his mother. (Dia “seharusnya” menelepon ibunya.)

Contoh Kalimat Auxiliary Verb

Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu “be” dalam kalimat

1. He “is” reading a book. (Dia “sedang” membaca buku.)
2. They “are” playing soccer. (Mereka “sedang” bermain sepak bola.)
3. She “was” studying all night. (Dia “telah” belajar sepanjang malam.)

Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu “be” berdasar jenis tenses dalam bahasa Inggris:

1. Present Simple Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: I am a teacher.
   2. Negative: She is not at home.
   3. Interrogative: Are they here?

2. Present Continuous Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: He is watching TV.
   2. Negative: They are not playing basketball.
   3. Interrogative: Is she coming to the party?

3. Present Perfect Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: We have finished our work.
   2. Negative: She has not visited that museum.
   3. Interrogative: Have they eaten dinner yet?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They have been studying for hours.
   2. Negative: I have not been feeling well.
   3. Interrogative: How long have you been waiting?

5. Past Simple Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: She was a great singer.
   2. Negative: He did not watch the movie.
   3. Interrogative: Were they at the party?

6. Past Continuous Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: I was reading a book when he called.
   2. Negative: They were not playing football at that time.
   3. Interrogative: What were you doing when it happened?

7. Past Perfect Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: She had already left before we arrived.
   2. Negative: He had not finished his homework by then.
   3. Interrogative: Had they met before?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They had been working together for years before the company closed.
   2. Negative: I had not been studying for very long when I passed the test.
   3. Interrogative: How long had you been waiting when the bus finally arrived?

9. Future Simple Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They will be there tomorrow.
   2. Negative: She will not attend the meeting.
   3. Interrogative: Will you join us?

10. Future Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: We will be traveling next month.
   2. Negative: He will not be working on Sunday.
   3. Interrogative: Will she be coming to the party?

11. Future Perfect Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: By this time next year, they will have completed their project.
   2. Negative: She will not have finished her book by then.
   3. Interrogative: Will they have found a solution?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: He will have been living in that city for 10 years by 2030.
   2. Negative: I will not have been working here for a decade by the end of this year.
   3. Interrogative: How long will you have been studying when you graduate?

Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu “have” dalam kalimat:

1. I “have” a new car. (Saya “memiliki” mobil baru.)
2. She “has” finished her homework. (Dia “telah” menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.)
3. They “have been” to Paris. (Mereka “pernah ke” Paris.)

Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu “have” berdasar jenis tenses dalam bahasa Inggris:

1. Present Simple Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: She has a car.
   2. Negative: They do not have any pets.
   3. Interrogative: Do you have any siblings?

2. Present Continuous Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: He is having lunch.
   2. Negative: We are not having a meeting right now.
   3. Interrogative: Is she having a good time?

3. Present Perfect Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They have finished their homework.
   2. Negative: She has not visited that museum.
   3. Interrogative: Have you ever been to Paris?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: I have been working all day.
   2. Negative: He has not been feeling well lately.
   3. Interrogative: How long have they been waiting?

5. Past Simple Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: She had a cat when she was a child.
   2. Negative: He did not have breakfast this morning.
   3. Interrogative: Did you have a good time at the party?

6. Past Continuous Tense 

1. 1. Affirmative: I was having dinner when the phone rang.
   2. Negative: They were not having fun at the park yesterday.
   3. Interrogative: What were you doing at that time?

7. Past Perfect Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: She had already left before I arrived.
   2. Negative: He had not finished his work by then.
   3. Interrogative: Had they met before the conference?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They had been working together for years before they retired.
   2. Negative: I had not been studying for very long when I passed the exam.
   3. Interrogative: How long had you been waiting when the bus finally came?

9. Future Simple Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They will have a party next week.
   2. Negative: She will not have any free time tomorrow.
   3. Interrogative: Will you have time to meet us?

10. Future Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: We will be having a meeting at this time tomorrow.
   2. Negative: He will not be having dinner at that restaurant.
   3. Interrogative: Will she be having lunch with us?

11. Future Perfect Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: By this time next year, they will have finished their project.
   2. Negative: She will not have completed her book by then.
   3. Interrogative: Will they have found a solution by then?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: He will have been working here for 10 years by 2030.
   2. Negative: I will not have been living in this city for a decade by the end of this year.
   3. Interrogative: How long will you have been studying when you graduate?

Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu “do” dalam kalimat:

1. Do you “like” ice cream? (Apakah kamu “suka” es krim?)
2. She “doesn’t” know the answer. (Dia “tidak tahu” jawabannya.)
3. What “did” you eat for lunch? (Apa yang “kamu makan” untuk makan siang?)

Contoh penggunaan kata kerja bantu “do” berdasarkan jenis tenses dalam bahasa Inggris:

1. Present Simple Tense (Bentuk Waktu Sederhana Sekarang)

1. 1. Affirmative: I do my homework every day.
   2. Negative: She does not like coffee.
   3. Interrogative: Do you speak Spanish?

2. Present Continuous Tense (Bentuk Waktu Berkelanjutan Sekarang)

1. 1. Affirmative: He is doing his assignment.
   2. Negative: They are not doing anything special.
   3. Interrogative: Is she doing well in school?

3. Present Perfect Tense (Bentuk Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

1. 1. Affirmative: They have done a great job.
   2. Negative: She has not done her chores.
   3. Interrogative: Have you done your homework?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Bentuk Waktu Sempurna Berkelanjutan Sekarang)

1. 1. Affirmative: I have been doing my workout routine.
   2. Negative: He has not been doing his job effectively.
   3. Interrogative: How long have they been doing research?

5. Past Simple Tense (Bentuk Waktu Sederhana Lampau)

1. 1. Affirmative: She did her best in the exam.
   2. Negative: He did not do his homework yesterday.
   3. Interrogative: Did they do their chores last night?

6. Past Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: I was doing my homework when she called.
   2. Negative: They were not doing well in the competition.
   3. Interrogative: What were you doing at 2 PM?

7. Past Perfect Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: She had done all the work before the deadline.
   2. Negative: He had not done any preparation for the trip.
   3. Interrogative: Had they done the required reading?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They had been doing research for months before publishing the paper.
   2. Negative: I had not been doing well in the class.
   3. Interrogative: How long had you been doing volunteer work there?

9. Future Simple Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: We will do our best to succeed.
   2. Negative: She will not do any harm to you.
   3. Interrogative: Will you do me a favor?

10. Future Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: They will be doing a presentation at that time.
   2. Negative: He will not be doing any work on weekends.
   3. Interrogative: Will she be doing the cooking tomorrow?

11. Future Perfect Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: By next year, they will have done everything on their bucket list.
   2. Negative: She will not have done her homework by the deadline.
   3. Interrogative: Will they have done all the preparations by then?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. Affirmative: He will have been doing the job for a decade by 2030.
   2. Negative: I will not have been doing any work in that department.
   3. Interrogative: How long will you have been doing research when you finish your PhD?

Demikianlah penjelasan tentang auxiliary verb dan contohnya. Jika kamu ingin meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Inggris kamu bisa bergabung di program Jago Speaking dari Jagobahasa.

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